Stages of Reading Development Summary
Stage 0: Pre Reading
Birth to Age 6
The pre reading stage is where the learner grows in the control of language. The child is beginning to understand the world around them. During this emergent stage the child relies heavily on the contextual information provided by the pictures in the text and by the way the story mimics the spoken language.
The learner begins to realize that words are made up of sounds, and that some words have the same beginning and endings. The child begins to recognise rhyme and alliteration.
For the reader to be successful at this stage of learning, they need to have many learner centred activities that encourage them to experiment with language and have the opportunity to make the connection between nonvisual information and visual information on text.
A whole language model of reading, has shown positive gains in reading for the stage 0 reader.
In Our School: Play based Learning
Developing Phonological Awareness - Yolanda Soryl
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In Classrooms
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Stage 1: Initial Reading or Decoding Stage
Ages 6-7 years
Once the learner is becoming more aware of letter/sound relationships the learner has now progressed into the cipher phase of reading and is a Stage One reader. During this stage the reader relies heavily on the text and begins gluing to print and sounding out words. The Stage One reader is attempting to break the code of print. They realize that letters and letter combinations represent sound and they become aware of vowel sounds.
For the reader to be successful at this stage, teacher directed modelling and instruction on the aspects of decoding is critical.
In Our School: Yolanda Soryl Stages 1-7
Reading Recovery
STEPS
Smart Reading Programme
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Fluency boxes
Poem of the Week
Oral Reading
Shared Big Book
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Stage 2: Confirmation, Fluency, Ungluing from Print:
Ages 7-8
Once the child has become successful at the aspect of decoding it is time to move forward. A good reader is a fluid reader. A good reader automatically decodes words, recognizes patterns of words and reaches a level of automaticity in word recognition. These new abilities enable the reader to become fluent. The reader now needs the opportunity to practise the skills of reading with comfortable texts and comfortable reading situations.
For the reader to be successful at this stage they need the opportunity to read many familiar texts. The greater amount of practice and the greater the immersion, the greater
the chance of developing the fluency with print that is necessary for the more complex nature of reading to learn. The reading switches to a more whole language approach.
In Our School: Repeated Reading, (paired oral reading programme - Kauri) Smart Reading Programme
Stage 3 Reading to Learn
Ages 8-14
Stages 0-2 are considered the developmental stages of reading “Learning to Read.” Stage 3 is associated with content reading or “Reading To Learn.” The reader must now use reading to gain novel information. In Stage 3 there is a growing importance of word meaning, prior knowledge and strategic knowledge. The learner must bring previous knowledge and experiences to their reading. The reading in this stage is essentially for facts and the reader typically comprehends from a singular viewpoint.
For a reader to be successful at this stage they need direct instruction. ( not necessarily in the aspect of decoding, but in strategy activation and selection as well as comprehension monitoring.)
Note: Teachers often assume that because the learner has learnt how to read narrative text, that this ability will transfer over to successful “reading to learn.”
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Fluency Boxes
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Stage 4. Multiple Viewpoints
College Ages 14-18
The successful Stage Three reader grows in their ability to analyze what they read and react critically to different viewpoints they encounter. The stage 3 reader is now progressing to stage 4. Stage 4 readers are able to deal with layers of facts and concepts and have the ability to add and delete schema previously learned.
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Stage 5 Construction and Reconstruction - A Worldview
Age 18 and above.
The Stage 5 reader has acquired the ability to construct knowledge on a high level of abstraction and generality and to create one's own truth from the truth of others. They now have the ability to synthesize critically the works of others and are able to form their own educated stance on the subject.
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